Greenplum Database v5.29 Documentation
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Windows Client Documentation
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2023-01-31 21:14:53
Greenplum Database Windows Client Documentation
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DataDirect ODBC Drivers for Tanzu Greenplum
DataDirect JDBC Driver for Tanzu Greenplum
System Administration
Managing Performance
Investigating a Performance Problem
Greenplum Database Memory Overview
Defining Database Performance
Common Causes of Performance Issues
Managing Resources
Using Resource Groups
Using Resource Queues
Querying Data
Using Functions and Operators
Working with JSON Data
Defining Queries
Working with XML Data
Query Profiling
Query Performance
About Greenplum Query Processing
WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)
About GPORCA
Determining the Query Optimizer that is Used
GPORCA Features and Enhancements
Enabling and Disabling GPORCA
Overview of GPORCA
Collecting Root Partition Statistics
Considerations when Using GPORCA
About Uniform Multi-level Partitioned Tables
GPORCA Limitations
Changed Behavior with the GPORCA
Managing Spill Files Generated by Queries
Managing a Greenplum System
Configuring the Greenplum Database System
Configuration Parameter Categories
Greenplum Master and Segment Mirroring Parameters
Runtime Statistics Collection Parameters
External Table Parameters
Greenplum Database Extension Parameters
Resource Management Parameters
Database and Tablespace/Filespace Parameters
Past Version Compatibility Parameters
System Resource Consumption Parameters
OS Resource Parameters
Free Space Map Parameters
Transaction ID Management Parameters
Memory Consumption Parameters
Cost-Based Vacuum Delay Parameters
Error Reporting and Logging Parameters
When to Log
What to Log
Log Rotation
Connection and Authentication Parameters
Security and Authentication Parameters
Connection Parameters
Lock Management Parameters
Client Connection Default Parameters
Other Client Default Parameters
Locale and Formatting Parameters
Statement Behavior Parameters
Greenplum Array Configuration Parameters
Read-Only Parameters
Dispatch Configuration Parameters
Interconnect Configuration Parameters
Fault Operation Parameters
Distributed Transaction Management Parameters
Query Tuning Parameters
Legacy Query Optimizer Costing Parameters
Sort Operator Configuration Parameters
Database Statistics Sampling Parameters
Join Operator Configuration Parameters
Aggregate Operator Configuration Parameters
Other Legacy Query Optimizer Configuration Parameters
Query Plan Operator Control Parameters
GPORCA Configuration Parameters
Automatic Statistics Collection Parameters
System Monitoring Parameters
SNMP Alerts
Email Alerts
Greenplum Command Center Agent
Database Table Parameters
Viewing Server Configuration Parameter Settings
About Greenplum Database Master and Local Parameters
Setting Configuration Parameters
Setting a Local Configuration Parameter
Setting a Master Configuration Parameter
Setting Parameters at the Database Level
Setting Parameters at the System Level
Setting Parameters at the Role Level
Setting Parameters in a Session
Migrating Data
Migrating Data with gptransfer
Migrating Data with gpcopy
About the Greenplum Database Release Version Number
Monitoring a Greenplum System
Recommended Monitoring and Maintenance Tasks
Expanding a Greenplum System
Removing the Expansion Schema
Redistributing Tables
Initializing New Segments
Planning Greenplum System Expansion
System Expansion Overview
Preparing and Adding Nodes
Backing Up and Restoring Databases
Parallel Backup with gpbackup and gprestore
Using gpbackup and gprestore with BoostFS
Creating Incremental Backups with gpbackup and gprestore
Backup/Restore Storage Plugin API (Beta)
setup_plugin_for_restore
setup_plugin_for_backup
cleanup_plugin_for_backup
backup_file
restore_file
restore_data
plugin_api_version
backup_data
cleanup_plugin_for_restore
Using gpbackup Storage Plugins
Using the DD Boost Storage Plugin with gpbackup and gprestore
Replicating Backups
Using the S3 Storage Plugin with gpbackup and gprestore
Parallel Backup with gpcrondump and gpdbrestore
Creating Incremental Backups
Backup Process and Locks
Backing Up a Set of Tables
Backing Up Databases with Veritas NetBackup
Using Named Pipes
Using Direct I/O
Backup and Restore Options
Restoring Greenplum Databases
Backing Up Databases with Data Domain Boost
Backing Up with gpcrondump
Restoring a Database Using gpdbrestore
Restoring to a Different Greenplum System Configuration
Backup and Restore Overview
Enabling High Availability and Data Consistency Features
Overview of Greenplum Database High Availability
Overview of Master Mirroring
Overview of Fault Detection and Recovery
Overview of Segment Mirroring
Recovering a Failed Master
Restoring Master Mirroring After a Recovery
Recovering a Failed Segment
Recovering From Segment Failures
When a segment host is not recoverable
About the Segment Recovery Process
Enabling Mirroring in Greenplum Database
Enabling Master Mirroring
Enabling Segment Mirroring
Detecting a Failed Segment
Checking the Log Files for Failed Segments
Checking for Failed Segments
Enabling Alerts and Notifications
Routine System Maintenance Tasks
Accessing the Database
Greenplum Database Client Applications
Using the PgBouncer Connection Pooler
Database Application Interfaces
Connecting with psql
Establishing a Database Session
Troubleshooting Connection Problems
Supported Client Applications
Starting and Stopping Greenplum Database
Working with External Data
Defining External Tables
file:// Protocol
gpfdists:// Protocol
Creating and Using External Web Tables
Using a Custom Protocol
pxf:// Protocol
gphdfs:// Protocol (Deprecated)
gpfdist:// Protocol
s3:// Protocol
Handling Errors in External Table Data
Examples for Creating External Tables
Example 2—Multiple gpfdist instances
Example 4—Single gpfdist instance with error logging
Example 6—Multiple files in CSV format with header rows
Example 7—Readable External Web Table with Script
Example 5—TEXT Format on a Hadoop Distributed File Server
Example 8—Writable External Table with gpfdist
Example 3—Multiple gpfdists instances
Example 10—Readable and Writable External Tables with XML Transformations
Example 9—Writable External Web Table with Script
Example 1—Single gpfdist instance on single-NIC machine
Accessing HDFS Data with gphdfs (Deprecated)
One-time gphdfs Protocol Installation (Deprecated)
Using Amazon EMR with Greenplum Database installed on AWS (Deprecated)
Reading and Writing Custom-Formatted HDFS Data with gphdfs (Deprecated)
gphdfs Support for Parquet Files (Deprecated)
Grant Privileges for the gphdfs Protocol (Deprecated)
gphdfs Support for Avro Files (Deprecated)
Specify gphdfs Protocol in an External Table Definition (Deprecated)
HDFS Readable and Writable External Table Examples (Deprecated)
Using the Greenplum Parallel File Server (gpfdist)
Defining Database Objects
Creating and Using Sequences
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Tables
Creating and Managing Databases
Using Indexes in Greenplum Database
Choosing the Table Storage Model
Partitioning Large Tables
Creating and Managing Views
Best Practices when Creating Views
About View Storage in Greenplum Database
Working with View Dependencies
Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data
Distribution and Skew
Managing Greenplum Database Access
Configuring Client Authentication
Using LDAP Authentication with TLS/SSL
Configuring Kerberos for Linux Clients
Configuring Kerberos For Windows Clients
Using Kerberos Authentication
Managing Roles and Privileges
Greenplum Database Concepts
About Redundancy and Failover in Greenplum Database
About Database Statistics in Greenplum Database
About Management and Monitoring Utilities
About Concurrency Control in Greenplum Database
Example of Managing Transaction IDs
About the Greenplum Architecture
About Parallel Data Loading
Loading and Unloading Data
Using the Greenplum-Informatica Connector
Loading Data with COPY
Using the Greenplum-Spark Connector
Loading Kafka Data with the Greenplum-Kafka Integration
Loading Data Using an External Table
Unloading Data from Greenplum Database
Defining a Command-Based Writable External Web Table
Disabling EXECUTE for Web or Writable External Tables
Unloading Data Using COPY
Unloading Data Using a Writable External Table
Defining a File-Based Writable External Table
Example 2—Hadoop file server (gphdfs (Deprecated))
Example 1—Greenplum file server (gpfdist)
Optimizing Data Load and Query Performance
Loading Data with gpload
Handling Load Errors
Define an External Table with Single Row Error Isolation
Viewing Bad Rows in the Error Log
Capture Row Formatting Errors and Declare a Reject Limit
Identifying Invalid CSV Files in Error Table Data
Moving Data between Tables
Accessing External Data with PXF
Formatting Data Files
Character Encoding
Escaping
Escaping in Text Formatted Files
Escaping in CSV Formatted Files
Representing NULL Values
Formatting Columns
Formatting Rows
Loading Data with the Greenplum Streaming Server
Transforming External Data with gpfdist and gpload
Loading and Writing Non-HDFS Custom Data
Using a Custom Format
Examples: Read Fixed-Width Data
Importing and Exporting Fixed Width Data
Using a Custom Protocol
Running COPY in Single Row Error Isolation Mode
Example Custom Data Access Protocol
Installing the External Table Protocol
gpextprotocal.c
Greenplum Database Security Configuration Guide
Encrypting Data and Database Connections
Configuring Database Authorization
Securing the Database
Auditing
Configuring Client Authentication
Enabling gphdfs Authentication with a Kerberos-secured Hadoop Cluster (Deprecated)
Greenplum Command Center Security
Greenplum Database Ports and Protocols
Security Best Practices
Reference Guide
Server Configuration Parameters
Parameter Categories
Configuration Parameters
Summary of Built-in Functions
SQL Command Reference
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER AGGREGATE
CREATE TABLESPACE
DROP AGGREGATE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
ALTER PROTOCOL
ALTER VIEW
DEALLOCATE
ALTER LANGUAGE
TRUNCATE
CREATE OPERATOR
RESET
LOAD
SET
ALTER GROUP
BEGIN
DROP SEQUENCE
PREPARE
DROP OWNED
DROP VIEW
DROP FUNCTION
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLESPACE
DROP OPERATOR
ALTER OPERATOR
SET TRANSACTION
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
DECLARE
VACUUM
DROP CONVERSION
DROP OPERATOR CLASS
DROP RULE
DROP GROUP
CLUSTER
CREATE EXTENSION
ALTER INDEX
DROP DATABASE
CREATE TYPE
ALTER TYPE
COMMIT
CREATE RESOURCE GROUP
ALTER CONVERSION
CHECKPOINT
CREATE LANGUAGE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP USER
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
ABORT
DISCARD
COPY
VALUES
CREATE RULE
CLOSE
DROP FILESPACE
SELECT
COMMENT
DROP OPERATOR FAMILY
ALTER EXTENSION
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER FILESPACE
ALTER SEQUENCE
CREATE TABLE AS
ALTER ROLE
CREATE INDEX
INSERT
DROP CAST
GRANT
DROP SCHEMA
CREATE GROUP
CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY
SHOW
EXPLAIN
CREATE DATABASE
DELETE
START TRANSACTION
CREATE CONVERSION
ALTER USER
CREATE VIEW
CREATE FUNCTION
UPDATE
ALTER RESOURCE GROUP
SET ROLE
END
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
SELECT INTO
ROLLBACK
CREATE PROTOCOL
DROP PROTOCOL
ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY
MOVE
CREATE USER
REINDEX
CREATE SCHEMA
EXECUTE
DROP RESOURCE QUEUE
DROP EXTERNAL TABLE
DO
ALTER DOMAIN
DROP INDEX
CREATE DOMAIN
SQL Syntax Summary
DROP RESOURCE GROUP
DROP TYPE
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
DROP DOMAIN
DROP LANGUAGE
LOCK
CREATE SEQUENCE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE AGGREGATE
DROP TABLE
SAVEPOINT
FETCH
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
CREATE CAST
ALTER FUNCTION
CREATE ROLE
DROP ROLE
ANALYZE
DROP EXTENSION
REASSIGN OWNED
REVOKE
CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE
Greenplum PL/Perl Language Extension
Greenplum Fuzzy String Match Extension
Greenplum MADlib Extension for Analytics
Greenplum PostGIS Extension
Greenplum MapReduce Specification
Greenplum PL/R Language Extension
The gp_toolkit Administrative Schema
SQL 2008 Optional Feature Compliance
Summary of Greenplum Features
System Catalog Reference
System Catalogs Definitions
pg_attribute
gp_configuration_history
gp_resqueue_status
pg_available_extension_versions
pg_language
pg_stat_replication
pg_exttable
pg_user_mapping
pg_rewrite
gp_resgroup_config
pg_trigger
pg_stat_activity
pg_depend
pg_partition_templates
pg_locks
pg_resgroup
gp_persistent_database_node
gp_distributed_log
gp_distribution_policy
pg_opclass
pg_window
gp_persistent_filespace_node
pg_partition_columns
pg_index
pg_tablespace
pg_attrdef
pg_shdepend
pg_listener
pg_am
pg_stat_partition_operations
gpexpand.status
pg_proc
gp_id
gp_resgroup_status
gp_transaction_log
gp_fault_strategy
pg_authid
pg_enum
gp_fastsequence
pg_max_external_files
pg_partition_rule
pg_type_encoding
pg_resqueuecapability
pg_constraint
gp_version_at_initdb
pg_partition_encoding
pg_stat_last_shoperation
pg_partition
pg_type
pg_filespace_entry
pg_resourcetype
pg_database
gp_persistent_relation_node
pg_roles
gpexpand.expansion_progress
gp_relation_node
pg_cast
pg_amproc
pg_resgroupcapability
pg_class
pg_partitions
pg_statistic
pg_resqueue_attributes
pg_largeobject
pg_shdescription
pg_namespace
pg_auth_members
pg_operator
pg_stat_resqueues
pg_attribute_encoding
pg_available_extensions
pg_conversion
gp_global_sequence
pg_stat_all_indexes
gp_pgdatabase
pg_resqueue
pg_stat_operations
pg_pltemplate
pg_extension
pg_filespace
gpexpand.status_detail
pg_inherits
pg_stat_all_tables
pg_amop
pg_stat_last_operation
pg_aggregate
gp_persistent_tablespace_node
pg_appendonly
pg_compression
gp_distributed_xacts
gp_segment_configuration
pg_description
System Views
System Tables
Character Set Support
The gpperfmon Database
log_alert_*
socket_stats_*
memory_info
segment_*
interface_stats_*
diskspace_*
dynamic_memory_info
system_*
queries_*
database_*
Greenplum Environment Variables
Greenplum PL/Python Language Extension
Greenplum Partner Connector API
Greenplum Database Data Types
Greenplum PL/pgSQL Procedural Language
PL/Container Language
Greenplum PL/Java Language Extension
Version 5.29
Greenplum Database Best Practices
Loading Data
High Availability
Migrating Data with gptransfer
Tuning SQL Queries
Encrypting Data and Database Connections
Memory and Resource Management with Resource Groups
Best Practices Summary
System Configuration
Memory and Resource Management with Resource Queues
Schema Design
Security
System Monitoring and Maintenance
Monitoring Greenplum Database Log Files
Updating Statistics with ANALYZE
Managing Bloat in the Database
UNIX Client Documentation
Client Tools for UNIX
Installing the Greenplum Client Tools
Client Tools Reference
Load Tools for UNIX
Installing the Greenplum Load Tools
Load Tools Reference
Versions 5.28 and Older Docs
Installation Guide
Configuring Your Systems and Installing Greenplum
About Implicit Text Casting in Greenplum Database
Validating Your Systems
Introduction to Greenplum
Initializing a Greenplum Database System
Configuring Timezone and Localization Settings
Installation Management Utilities
Greenplum Environment Variables
Estimating Storage Capacity
Installing Optional Extensions
Greenplum Platform Extension Framework (PXF)
Python Data Science Module Package
Oracle Compatibility Functions
pgcrypto Cryptographic Functions
dblink Connectivity Functions
R Data Science Library Package
Procedural Language, Machine Learning, and Geospatial Extensions
Verifying the VMware Tanzu Greenplum Software Download
Cloud Technical Recommendations
Release Notes
Windows Client Documentation
Load Tools for Windows
Installing Greenplum Loader
Running Greenplum Loader
Loader Program Reference
Running gpfdist as a Windows Service
Client Tools for Windows
Running the Greenplum Client Tools
Client Tools Reference
Installing the Greenplum Client Tools
Utility Guide
Additional Supplied Modules
Oracle Compatibility Functions
hstore Functions
dblink Functions
citext Data Type
Client Utility Reference
createdb
pg_config
clusterdb
dropdb
psql
createuser
pg_dumpall
createlang
dropuser
reindexdb
pg_dump
droplang
vacuumdb
pg_restore
Management Utility Reference
plcontainer
gpmapreduce
gpdbrestore
gprecoverseg
gpssh-exkeys
gpstart
gpkafka
gpload
gpseginstall
gpstop
gpaddmirrors
analyzedb
gpfilespace
gpdeletesystem
gprestore
gpstate
gpscp
gpmfr
pgbouncer-admin
gpfdist
gpinitsystem
gpinitstandby
gpcheck
gpexpand
gpconfig
gpmt
gpsys1
pgbouncer.ini
gppkg
gpreload
plcontainer Configuration File
gpssh
pgbouncer
gpperfmon_install
gpcopy
gpss
gpcheckperf
gpactivatestandby
gpcheckcat
gplogfilter
gpbackup
gptransfer
gpmovemirrors
gpcrondump
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