Consul DNS on Kubernetes

Once configured, DNS requests in the form will resolve for services in Consul. This will work from all Kubernetes namespaces.

Note: If you want requests to just <consul-service-name> (without the .service.consul) to resolve, then you’ll need to turn on Consul to Kubernetes Service Sync.

To configure KubeDNS or CoreDNS you’ll first need the ClusterIP of the Consul DNS service created by the .

The default name of the Consul DNS service will be consul-consul-dns. Use that name to get the ClusterIP:

For this installation the ClusterIP is 10.35.240.78.

Note: If you’ve installed Consul using a different helm release name than consul then the DNS service name will be <release-name>-consul-dns.

Export the Consul DNS IP as an environment variable:

export CONSUL_DNS_IP=10.35.240.78

And create the ConfigMap:

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  stubDomains: |
    {"consul": ["$CONSUL_DNS_IP"]}
EOF
Warning: kubectl apply should be used on resource created by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply
configmap/kube-dns configured

Ensure that the ConfigMap was created successfully:

Note: The stubDomain can only point to a static IP. If the cluster IP of the Consul DNS service changes, then it must be updated in the config map to match the new service IP for this to continue working. This can happen if the service is deleted and recreated, such as in full cluster rebuilds.

Note: If using a different zone than , change the stub domain to that zone.

Now skip ahead to the Verifying DNS Works section.

Edit the ConfigMap:

$ kubectl edit configmap coredns -n kube-system

And add the consul block below the default .:53 block and replace <consul-dns-service-cluster-ip> with the DNS Service’s IP address you found previously.

apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        <Existing CoreDNS definition>
    }
+   consul {
+     errors
+     cache 30
+     forward . <consul-dns-service-cluster-ip>
+   }

Note: The consul proxy can only point to a static IP. If the cluster IP of the consul-dns service changes, then it must be updated to the new IP to continue working. This can happen if the service is deleted and recreated, such as in full cluster rebuilds.

Note: If using a different zone than .consul, change the key accordingly.

To verify DNS works, run a simple job to query DNS. Save the following job to the file job.yaml and run it:

Then query the pod name for the job and check the logs. You should see output similar to the following showing a successful DNS query. If you see any errors, then DNS is not configured properly.

$ kubectl get pods --show-all | grep dns
dns-lkgzl         0/1       Completed   0          6m
$ kubectl logs dns-lkgzl
; <<>> DiG 9.11.2-P1 <<>> consul.service.consul
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4489
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 4
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;consul.service.consul.     IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
consul.service.consul.  0   IN  A   10.36.2.23
consul.service.consul.  0   IN  A   10.36.4.12
consul.service.consul.  0   IN  A   10.36.0.11
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
consul.service.consul.  0   IN  TXT "consul-network-segment="
consul.service.consul.  0   IN  TXT "consul-network-segment="
consul.service.consul.  0   IN  TXT "consul-network-segment="
;; Query time: 5 msec
;; SERVER: 10.39.240.10#53(10.39.240.10)
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 206