Settings

    The infrastructure of the settings provides a global namespace of key-value mappings that the code can use to pull configuration values from. The settings can be populated through different mechanisms, which are described below.

    The settings are also the mechanism for selecting the currently active Scrapy project (in case you have many).

    For a list of available built-in settings see: Built-in settings reference.

    When you use Scrapy, you have to tell it which settings you’re using. You can do this by using an environment variable, .

    The value of SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE should be in Python path syntax, e.g. myproject.settings. Note that the settings module should be on the Python .

    Populating the settings

    Settings can be populated using different mechanisms, each of which having a different precedence. Here is the list of them in decreasing order of precedence:

    The population of these settings sources is taken care of internally, but a manual handling is possible using API calls. See the topic for reference.

    These mechanisms are described in more detail below.

    Arguments provided by the command line are the ones that take most precedence, overriding any other options. You can explicitly override one (or more) settings using the -s (or --set) command line option.

    Example:

    2. Settings per-spider

    Spiders (See the chapter for reference) can define their own settings that will take precedence and override the project ones. They can do so by setting their custom_settings attribute:

    1. class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):
    2.     name = 'myspider'
    4.     custom_settings = {
    5.     }

    3. Project settings module

    The project settings module is the standard configuration file for your Scrapy project, it’s where most of your custom settings will be populated. For a standard Scrapy project, this means you’ll be adding or changing the settings in the settings.py file created for your project.

    4. Default settings per-command

    Each command can have its own default settings, which override the global default settings. Those custom command settings are specified in the default_settings attribute of the command class.

    5. Default global settings

    The global defaults are located in the scrapy.settings.default_settings module and documented in the section.

    New in version 2.4.0.

    When a setting references a callable object to be imported by Scrapy, such as a class or a function, there are two different ways you can specify that object:

    • As a string containing the import path of that object

    • As the object itself

    For example:

    1. from mybot.pipelines.validate import ValidateMyItem
    2. ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    3.     # passing the classname...
    4.     ValidateMyItem: 300,
    5.     # ...equals passing the class path
    6.     'mybot.pipelines.validate.ValidateMyItem': 300,
    7. }

    Note

    Passing non-callable objects is not supported.

    How to access settings

    In a spider, the settings are available through self.settings:

    1. class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):
    2.     name = 'myspider'
    3.     start_urls = ['http://example.com']
    5.     def parse(self, response):
    6.         print(f"Existing settings: {self.settings.attributes.keys()}")

    Note

    The settings attribute is set in the base Spider class after the spider is initialized. If you want to use the settings before the initialization (e.g., in your spider’s __init__() method), you’ll need to override the method.

    Settings can be accessed through the scrapy.crawler.Crawler.settings attribute of the Crawler that is passed to from_crawler method in extensions, middlewares and item pipelines:

    1. class MyExtension:
    2.     def __init__(self, log_is_enabled=False):
    3.         if log_is_enabled:
    4.             print("log is enabled!")
    6.     @classmethod
    7.     def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
    8.         settings = crawler.settings
    9.         return cls(settings.getbool('LOG_ENABLED'))

    The settings object can be used like a dict (e.g., settings['LOG_ENABLED']), but it’s usually preferred to extract the setting in the format you need it to avoid type errors, using one of the methods provided by the API.

    Setting names are usually prefixed with the component that they configure. For example, proper setting names for a fictional robots.txt extension would be ROBOTSTXT_ENABLED, ROBOTSTXT_OBEY, ROBOTSTXT_CACHEDIR, etc.

    Built-in settings reference

    Here’s a list of all available Scrapy settings, in alphabetical order, along with their default values and the scope where they apply.

    The scope, where available, shows where the setting is being used, if it’s tied to any particular component. In that case the module of that component will be shown, typically an extension, middleware or pipeline. It also means that the component must be enabled in order for the setting to have any effect.

    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID

    Default: None

    The AWS access key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the .

    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

    Default: None

    The AWS secret key used by code that requires access to , such as the S3 feed storage backend.

    AWS_SESSION_TOKEN

    Default: None

    The AWS security token used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the , when using temporary security credentials.

    AWS_ENDPOINT_URL

    Default: None

    Endpoint URL used for S3-like storage, for example Minio or s3.scality.

    AWS_USE_SSL

    Default: None

    Use this option if you want to disable SSL connection for communication with S3 or S3-like storage. By default SSL will be used.

    AWS_VERIFY

    Default: None

    Verify SSL connection between Scrapy and S3 or S3-like storage. By default SSL verification will occur.

    AWS_REGION_NAME

    Default: None

    The name of the region associated with the AWS client.

    ASYNCIO_EVENT_LOOP

    Default: None

    Import path of a given asyncio event loop class.

    If the asyncio reactor is enabled (see TWISTED_REACTOR) this setting can be used to specify the asyncio event loop to be used with it. Set the setting to the import path of the desired asyncio event loop class. If the setting is set to None the default asyncio event loop will be used.

    If you are installing the asyncio reactor manually using the function, you can use the event_loop_path parameter to indicate the import path of the event loop class to be used.

    Note that the event loop class must inherit from asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.

    Caution

    Please be aware that, when using a non-default event loop (either defined via or installed with install_reactor()), Scrapy will call , which will set the specified event loop as the current loop for the current OS thread.

    BOT_NAME

    Default: 'scrapybot'

    The name of the bot implemented by this Scrapy project (also known as the project name). This name will be used for the logging too.

    It’s automatically populated with your project name when you create your project with the command.

    CONCURRENT_ITEMS

    Default: 100

    Maximum number of concurrent items (per response) to process in parallel in .

    CONCURRENT_REQUESTS

    Default: 16

    The maximum number of concurrent (i.e. simultaneous) requests that will be performed by the Scrapy downloader.

    CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN

    Default: 8

    The maximum number of concurrent (i.e. simultaneous) requests that will be performed to any single domain.

    See also: AutoThrottle extension and its option.

    CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP

    Default: 0

    The maximum number of concurrent (i.e. simultaneous) requests that will be performed to any single IP. If non-zero, the setting is ignored, and this one is used instead. In other words, concurrency limits will be applied per IP, not per domain.

    This setting also affects DOWNLOAD_DELAY and : if CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP is non-zero, download delay is enforced per IP, not per domain.

    DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS

    Default: 'scrapy.Item'

    The default class that will be used for instantiating items in the the Scrapy shell.

    DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS

    Default:

    1. {
    2.     'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    3.     'Accept-Language': 'en',
    4. }

    The default headers used for Scrapy HTTP Requests. They’re populated in the DefaultHeadersMiddleware.

    Caution

    Cookies set via the Cookie header are not considered by the . If you need to set cookies for a request, use the Request.cookies parameter. This is a known current limitation that is being worked on.

    DEPTH_LIMIT

    Default: 0

    Scope: scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware

    The maximum depth that will be allowed to crawl for any site. If zero, no limit will be imposed.

    DEPTH_PRIORITY

    Default: 0

    Scope: scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware

    An integer that is used to adjust the priority of a Request based on its depth.

    The priority of a request is adjusted as follows:

    1. request.priority = request.priority - ( depth * DEPTH_PRIORITY )

    As depth increases, positive values of DEPTH_PRIORITY decrease request priority (BFO), while negative values increase request priority (DFO). See also Does Scrapy crawl in breadth-first or depth-first order?.

    Note

    This setting adjusts priority in the opposite way compared to other priority settings and RETRY_PRIORITY_ADJUST.

    DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE

    Default: False

    Scope: scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware

    Whether to collect verbose depth stats. If this is enabled, the number of requests for each depth is collected in the stats.

    DNSCACHE_ENABLED

    Default: True

    Whether to enable DNS in-memory cache.

    DNSCACHE_SIZE

    Default: 10000

    DNS in-memory cache size.

    DNS_RESOLVER

    New in version 2.0.

    Default: 'scrapy.resolver.CachingThreadedResolver'

    The class to be used to resolve DNS names. The default scrapy.resolver.CachingThreadedResolver supports specifying a timeout for DNS requests via the setting, but works only with IPv4 addresses. Scrapy provides an alternative resolver, scrapy.resolver.CachingHostnameResolver, which supports IPv4/IPv6 addresses but does not take the DNS_TIMEOUT setting into account.

    DNS_TIMEOUT

    Default: 60

    Timeout for processing of DNS queries in seconds. Float is supported.

    DOWNLOADER

    Default: 'scrapy.core.downloader.Downloader'

    The downloader to use for crawling.

    DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY

    Default: 'scrapy.core.downloader.webclient.ScrapyHTTPClientFactory'

    Defines a Twisted protocol.ClientFactory class to use for HTTP/1.0 connections (for HTTP10DownloadHandler).

    Note

    HTTP/1.0 is rarely used nowadays so you can safely ignore this setting, unless you really want to use HTTP/1.0 and override DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS for http(s) scheme accordingly, i.e. to 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HTTP10DownloadHandler'.

    DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY

    Default: 'scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory.ScrapyClientContextFactory'

    Represents the classpath to the ContextFactory to use.

    Here, “ContextFactory” is a Twisted term for SSL/TLS contexts, defining the TLS/SSL protocol version to use, whether to do certificate verification, or even enable client-side authentication (and various other things).

    Note

    Scrapy default context factory does NOT perform remote server certificate verification. This is usually fine for web scraping.

    If you do need remote server certificate verification enabled, Scrapy also has another context factory class that you can set, 'scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory.BrowserLikeContextFactory', which uses the platform’s certificates to validate remote endpoints.

    If you do use a custom ContextFactory, make sure its __init__ method accepts a method parameter (this is the OpenSSL.SSL method mapping DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_METHOD), a tls_verbose_logging parameter (bool) and a tls_ciphers parameter (see ).

    DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_CIPHERS

    Default: 'DEFAULT'

    Use this setting to customize the TLS/SSL ciphers used by the default HTTP/1.1 downloader.

    The setting should contain a string in the , these ciphers will be used as client ciphers. Changing this setting may be necessary to access certain HTTPS websites: for example, you may need to use 'DEFAULT:!DH' for a website with weak DH parameters or enable a specific cipher that is not included in DEFAULT if a website requires it.

    DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_METHOD

    Default: 'TLS'

    Use this setting to customize the TLS/SSL method used by the default HTTP/1.1 downloader.

    This setting must be one of these string values:

    • 'TLS': maps to OpenSSL’s TLS_method() (a.k.a SSLv23_method()), which allows protocol negotiation, starting from the highest supported by the platform; default, recommended

    • 'TLSv1.0': this value forces HTTPS connections to use TLS version 1.0 ; set this if you want the behavior of Scrapy<1.1

    • 'TLSv1.1': forces TLS version 1.1

    • 'TLSv1.2': forces TLS version 1.2

    • 'SSLv3': forces SSL version 3 (not recommended)

    DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_VERBOSE_LOGGING

    Default: False

    Setting this to True will enable DEBUG level messages about TLS connection parameters after establishing HTTPS connections. The kind of information logged depends on the versions of OpenSSL and pyOpenSSL.

    This setting is only used for the default DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY.

    DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES

    Default:: {}

    A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see Activating a downloader middleware.

    Default:

    1. {
    2.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware': 100,
    3.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware': 300,
    4.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware': 350,
    5.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware': 400,
    6.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': 500,
    7.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware': 550,
    8.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.ajaxcrawl.AjaxCrawlMiddleware': 560,
    9.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware': 580,
    10.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 590,
    11.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware': 600,
    13.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 750,
    14.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats': 850,
    15.     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware': 900,
    16. }

    A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. Low orders are closer to the engine, high orders are closer to the downloader. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify instead. For more info see Activating a downloader middleware.

    DOWNLOADER_STATS

    Default: True

    Whether to enable downloader stats collection.

    DOWNLOAD_DELAY

    Default: 0

    The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader should wait before downloading consecutive pages from the same website. This can be used to throttle the crawling speed to avoid hitting servers too hard. Decimal numbers are supported. Example:

    This setting is also affected by the setting (which is enabled by default). By default, Scrapy doesn’t wait a fixed amount of time between requests, but uses a random interval between 0.5 * DOWNLOAD_DELAY and 1.5 * .

    When CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP is non-zero, delays are enforced per ip address instead of per domain.

    You can also change this setting per spider by setting download_delay spider attribute.

    DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS

    Default: {}

    A dict containing the request downloader handlers enabled in your project. See DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE for example format.

    DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE

    Default:

    1. {
    2.     'data': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.datauri.DataURIDownloadHandler',
    3.     'file': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.file.FileDownloadHandler',
    4.     'http': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HTTPDownloadHandler',
    5.     'https': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HTTPDownloadHandler',
    6.     's3': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.s3.S3DownloadHandler',
    7.     'ftp': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.ftp.FTPDownloadHandler',
    8. }

    A dict containing the request download handlers enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS instead.

    You can disable any of these download handlers by assigning None to their URI scheme in . E.g., to disable the built-in FTP handler (without replacement), place this in your settings.py:

    1. DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS = {
    2.     'ftp': None,
    3. }

    The default HTTPS handler uses HTTP/1.1. To use HTTP/2:

    2. Update DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS as follows:

      1. DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS = {
      2.     'https': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http2.H2DownloadHandler',
      3. }

    Warning

    HTTP/2 support in Scrapy is experimental, and not yet recommended for production environments. Future Scrapy versions may introduce related changes without a deprecation period or warning.

    Note

    Known limitations of the current HTTP/2 implementation of Scrapy include:

    • No support for HTTP/2 Cleartext (h2c), since no major browser supports HTTP/2 unencrypted (refer ).

    • No setting to specify a maximum frame size larger than the default value, 16384. Connections to servers that send a larger frame will fail.

    • No support for , which are ignored.

    • No support for the bytes_received and signals.

    DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT

    Default: 180

    The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader will wait before timing out.

    Note

    This timeout can be set per spider using download_timeout spider attribute and per-request using Request.meta key.

    DOWNLOAD_MAXSIZE

    Default: 1073741824 (1024MB)

    The maximum response size (in bytes) that downloader will download.

    If you want to disable it set to 0.

    Note

    This size can be set per spider using download_maxsize spider attribute and per-request using Request.meta key.

    DOWNLOAD_WARNSIZE

    Default: 33554432 (32MB)

    The response size (in bytes) that downloader will start to warn.

    If you want to disable it set to 0.

    Note

    This size can be set per spider using download_warnsize spider attribute and per-request using download_warnsize Request.meta key.

    DOWNLOAD_FAIL_ON_DATALOSS

    Default: True

    Whether or not to fail on broken responses, that is, declared Content-Length does not match content sent by the server or chunked response was not properly finish. If True, these responses raise a ResponseFailed([_DataLoss]) error. If False, these responses are passed through and the flag dataloss is added to the response, i.e.: 'dataloss' in response.flags is True.

    Optionally, this can be set per-request basis by using the download_fail_on_dataloss Request.meta key to False.

    Note

    A broken response, or data loss error, may happen under several circumstances, from server misconfiguration to network errors to data corruption. It is up to the user to decide if it makes sense to process broken responses considering they may contain partial or incomplete content. If is True and this setting is set to True, the ResponseFailed([_DataLoss]) failure will be retried as usual.

    Warning

    This setting is ignored by the H2DownloadHandler download handler (see DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS). In case of a data loss error, the corresponding HTTP/2 connection may be corrupted, affecting other requests that use the same connection; hence, a ResponseFailed([InvalidBodyLengthError]) failure is always raised for every request that was using that connection.

    DUPEFILTER_CLASS

    Default: 'scrapy.dupefilters.RFPDupeFilter'

    The class used to detect and filter duplicate requests.

    The default (RFPDupeFilter) filters based on request fingerprint using the scrapy.utils.request.request_fingerprint function. In order to change the way duplicates are checked you could subclass RFPDupeFilter and override its request_fingerprint method. This method should accept scrapy Request object and return its fingerprint (a string).

    You can disable filtering of duplicate requests by setting DUPEFILTER_CLASS to 'scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter'. Be very careful about this however, because you can get into crawling loops. It’s usually a better idea to set the dont_filter parameter to True on the specific Request that should not be filtered.

    DUPEFILTER_DEBUG

    Default: False

    By default, RFPDupeFilter only logs the first duplicate request. Setting DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to True will make it log all duplicate requests.

    EDITOR

    Default: vi (on Unix systems) or the IDLE editor (on Windows)

    The editor to use for editing spiders with the edit command. Additionally, if the EDITOR environment variable is set, the command will prefer it over the default setting.

    EXTENSIONS

    Default:: {}

    A dict containing the extensions enabled in your project, and their orders.

    EXTENSIONS_BASE

    Default:

    1. {
    2.     'scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats': 0,
    3.     'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': 0,
    4.     'scrapy.extensions.memusage.MemoryUsage': 0,
    5.     'scrapy.extensions.memdebug.MemoryDebugger': 0,
    6.     'scrapy.extensions.closespider.CloseSpider': 0,
    7.     'scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter': 0,
    8.     'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats': 0,
    9.     'scrapy.extensions.spiderstate.SpiderState': 0,
    10.     'scrapy.extensions.throttle.AutoThrottle': 0,
    11. }

    A dict containing the extensions available by default in Scrapy, and their orders. This setting contains all stable built-in extensions. Keep in mind that some of them need to be enabled through a setting.

    For more information See the extensions user guide and the .

    FEED_TEMPDIR

    The Feed Temp dir allows you to set a custom folder to save crawler temporary files before uploading with and Amazon S3.

    FEED_STORAGE_GCS_ACL

    The Access Control List (ACL) used when storing items to Google Cloud Storage. For more information on how to set this value, please refer to the column JSON API in .

    FTP_PASSIVE_MODE

    Default: True

    Whether or not to use passive mode when initiating FTP transfers.

    FTP_PASSWORD

    Default: "guest"

    The password to use for FTP connections when there is no "ftp_password" in Request meta.

    Note

    Paraphrasing RFC 1635, although it is common to use either the password “guest” or one’s e-mail address for anonymous FTP, some FTP servers explicitly ask for the user’s e-mail address and will not allow login with the “guest” password.

    FTP_USER

    Default: "anonymous"

    The username to use for FTP connections when there is no "ftp_user" in Request meta.

    GCS_PROJECT_ID

    Default: None

    The Project ID that will be used when storing data on .

    ITEM_PIPELINES

    Default: {}

    A dict containing the item pipelines to use, and their orders. Order values are arbitrary, but it is customary to define them in the 0-1000 range. Lower orders process before higher orders.

    Example:

    1. ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    2.     'mybot.pipelines.validate.ValidateMyItem': 300,
    3.     'mybot.pipelines.validate.StoreMyItem': 800,
    4. }

    ITEM_PIPELINES_BASE

    Default: {}

    A dict containing the pipelines enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify ITEM_PIPELINES instead.

    JOBDIR

    Default: ''

    A string indicating the directory for storing the state of a crawl when pausing and resuming crawls.

    LOG_ENABLED

    Default: True

    Whether to enable logging.

    LOG_ENCODING

    Default: 'utf-8'

    The encoding to use for logging.

    LOG_FILE

    Default: None

    File name to use for logging output. If None, standard error will be used.

    LOG_FILE_APPEND

    Default: True

    If False, the log file specified with will be overwritten (discarding the output from previous runs, if any).

    LOG_FORMAT

    Default: '%(asctime)s [%(name)s] %(levelname)s: %(message)s'

    String for formatting log messages. Refer to the for the qwhole list of available placeholders.

    LOG_DATEFORMAT

    Default: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'

    String for formatting date/time, expansion of the %(asctime)s placeholder in . Refer to the Python datetime documentation for the whole list of available directives.

    LOG_FORMATTER

    Default: scrapy.logformatter.LogFormatter

    The class to use for for different actions.

    LOG_LEVEL

    Default: 'DEBUG'

    Minimum level to log. Available levels are: CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING, INFO, DEBUG. For more info see .

    LOG_STDOUT

    Default: False

    If True, all standard output (and error) of your process will be redirected to the log. For example if you print('hello') it will appear in the Scrapy log.

    LOG_SHORT_NAMES

    Default: False

    If True, the logs will just contain the root path. If it is set to False then it displays the component responsible for the log output

    LOGSTATS_INTERVAL

    Default: 60.0

    The interval (in seconds) between each logging printout of the stats by .

    Default: False

    Whether to enable memory debugging.

    MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY

    Default: []

    When memory debugging is enabled a memory report will be sent to the specified addresses if this setting is not empty, otherwise the report will be written to the log.

    Example:

    1. MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY = ['user@example.com']

    MEMUSAGE_ENABLED

    Default: True

    Scope: scrapy.extensions.memusage

    Whether to enable the memory usage extension. This extension keeps track of a peak memory used by the process (it writes it to stats). It can also optionally shutdown the Scrapy process when it exceeds a memory limit (see MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB), and notify by email when that happened (see ).

    See Memory usage extension.

    MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB

    Default: 0

    Scope: scrapy.extensions.memusage

    The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before shutting down Scrapy (if MEMUSAGE_ENABLED is True). If zero, no check will be performed.

    See Memory usage extension.

    MEMUSAGE_CHECK_INTERVAL_SECONDS

    Default: 60.0

    Scope: scrapy.extensions.memusage

    The Memory usage extension checks the current memory usage, versus the limits set by and MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB, at fixed time intervals.

    This sets the length of these intervals, in seconds.

    See .

    MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL

    Default: False

    Scope: scrapy.extensions.memusage

    A list of emails to notify if the memory limit has been reached.

    Example:

    1. MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL = ['user@example.com']

    See .

    MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB

    Default: 0

    Scope: scrapy.extensions.memusage

    The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before sending a warning email notifying about it. If zero, no warning will be produced.

    NEWSPIDER_MODULE

    Default: ''

    Module where to create new spiders using the genspider command.

    Example:

    RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY

    Default: True

    If enabled, Scrapy will wait a random amount of time (between 0.5 * DOWNLOAD_DELAY and 1.5 * ) while fetching requests from the same website.

    This randomization decreases the chance of the crawler being detected (and subsequently blocked) by sites which analyze requests looking for statistically significant similarities in the time between their requests.

    The randomization policy is the same used by wget option.

    If is zero (default) this option has no effect.

    REACTOR_THREADPOOL_MAXSIZE

    Default: 10

    The maximum limit for Twisted Reactor thread pool size. This is common multi-purpose thread pool used by various Scrapy components. Threaded DNS Resolver, BlockingFeedStorage, S3FilesStore just to name a few. Increase this value if you’re experiencing problems with insufficient blocking IO.

    REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST

    Default: +2

    Scope: scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware

    Adjust redirect request priority relative to original request:

    • a positive priority adjust (default) means higher priority.

    • a negative priority adjust means lower priority.

    ROBOTSTXT_OBEY

    Default: False

    Scope: scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt

    If enabled, Scrapy will respect robots.txt policies. For more information see .

    Note

    While the default value is False for historical reasons, this option is enabled by default in settings.py file generated by scrapy startproject command.

    ROBOTSTXT_PARSER

    Default: 'scrapy.robotstxt.ProtegoRobotParser'

    The parser backend to use for parsing robots.txt files. For more information see .

    ROBOTSTXT_USER_AGENT

    Default: None

    The user agent string to use for matching in the robots.txt file. If None, the User-Agent header you are sending with the request or the setting (in that order) will be used for determining the user agent to use in the robots.txt file.

    SCHEDULER

    Default: 'scrapy.core.scheduler.Scheduler'

    The scheduler class to be used for crawling. See the topic for details.

    SCHEDULER_DEBUG

    Default: False

    Setting to True will log debug information about the requests scheduler. This currently logs (only once) if the requests cannot be serialized to disk. Stats counter (scheduler/unserializable) tracks the number of times this happens.

    Example entry in logs:

    1. 1956-01-31 00:00:00+0800 [scrapy.core.scheduler] ERROR: Unable to serialize request:
    2. <GET http://example.com> - reason: cannot serialize <Request at 0x9a7c7ec>
    3. (type Request)> - no more unserializable requests will be logged
    4. (see 'scheduler/unserializable' stats counter)

    SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE

    Default: 'scrapy.squeues.PickleLifoDiskQueue'

    SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE

    Default: 'scrapy.squeues.LifoMemoryQueue'

    Type of in-memory queue used by scheduler. Other available type is: scrapy.squeues.FifoMemoryQueue.

    SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_QUEUE

    Default: 'scrapy.pqueues.ScrapyPriorityQueue'

    Type of priority queue used by the scheduler. Another available type is scrapy.pqueues.DownloaderAwarePriorityQueue. scrapy.pqueues.DownloaderAwarePriorityQueue works better than scrapy.pqueues.ScrapyPriorityQueue when you crawl many different domains in parallel. But currently scrapy.pqueues.DownloaderAwarePriorityQueue does not work together with CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP.

    SCRAPER_SLOT_MAX_ACTIVE_SIZE

    New in version 2.0.

    Default: 5_000_000

    Soft limit (in bytes) for response data being processed.

    While the sum of the sizes of all responses being processed is above this value, Scrapy does not process new requests.

    SPIDER_CONTRACTS

    Default:: {}

    A dict containing the spider contracts enabled in your project, used for testing spiders. For more info see .

    SPIDER_CONTRACTS_BASE

    Default:

    1. {
    2.     'scrapy.contracts.default.UrlContract' : 1,
    3.     'scrapy.contracts.default.ReturnsContract': 2,
    4.     'scrapy.contracts.default.ScrapesContract': 3,
    5. }

    A dict containing the Scrapy contracts enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify instead. For more info see Spiders Contracts.

    You can disable any of these contracts by assigning None to their class path in . E.g., to disable the built-in ScrapesContract, place this in your settings.py:

    1. SPIDER_CONTRACTS = {
    2.     'scrapy.contracts.default.ScrapesContract': None,
    3. }

    SPIDER_LOADER_CLASS

    Default: 'scrapy.spiderloader.SpiderLoader'

    The class that will be used for loading spiders, which must implement the .

    SPIDER_LOADER_WARN_ONLY

    Default: False

    By default, when Scrapy tries to import spider classes from , it will fail loudly if there is any ImportError exception. But you can choose to silence this exception and turn it into a simple warning by setting SPIDER_LOADER_WARN_ONLY = True.

    Note

    Some scrapy commands run with this setting to True already (i.e. they will only issue a warning and will not fail) since they do not actually need to load spider classes to work: , scrapy settings, , scrapy version.

    SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES

    Default:: {}

    A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see Activating a spider middleware.

    SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE

    Default:

    1. {
    2.     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware': 50,
    3.     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware': 500,
    4.     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware': 700,
    5.     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware': 800,
    6.     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware': 900,
    7. }

    A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy, and their orders. Low orders are closer to the engine, high orders are closer to the spider. For more info see Activating a spider middleware.

    SPIDER_MODULES

    Default: []

    A list of modules where Scrapy will look for spiders.

    Example:

    1. SPIDER_MODULES = ['mybot.spiders_prod', 'mybot.spiders_dev']

    STATS_CLASS

    Default: 'scrapy.statscollectors.MemoryStatsCollector'

    The class to use for collecting stats, who must implement the .

    STATS_DUMP

    Default: True

    Dump the (to the Scrapy log) once the spider finishes.

    For more info see: Stats Collection.

    STATSMAILER_RCPTS

    Default: [] (empty list)

    Send Scrapy stats after spiders finish scraping. See StatsMailer for more info.

    TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED

    Default: True

    A boolean which specifies if the telnet console will be enabled (provided its extension is also enabled).

    TEMPLATES_DIR

    Default: templates dir inside scrapy module

    The directory where to look for templates when creating new projects with startproject command and new spiders with command.

    The project name must not conflict with the name of custom files or directories in the project subdirectory.

    TWISTED_REACTOR

    New in version 2.0.

    Default: None

    Import path of a given .

    Scrapy will install this reactor if no other reactor is installed yet, such as when the scrapy CLI program is invoked or when using the CrawlerProcess class.

    If you are using the class, you also need to install the correct reactor manually. You can do that using install_reactor():

    scrapy.utils.reactor.install_reactor(reactor_path, event_loop_path=None)

    Installs the reactor with the specified import path. Also installs the asyncio event loop with the specified import path if the asyncio reactor is enabled

    If a reactor is already installed, has no effect.

    CrawlerRunner.__init__ raises Exception if the installed reactor does not match the setting; therefore, having top-level reactor imports in project files and imported third-party libraries will make Scrapy raise when it checks which reactor is installed.

    In order to use the reactor installed by Scrapy:

    1. import scrapy
    2. from twisted.internet import reactor
    5. class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    6.     name = 'quotes'
    8.     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    9.         self.timeout = int(kwargs.pop('timeout', '60'))
    11.     def start_requests(self):
    12.         reactor.callLater(self.timeout, self.stop)
    14.         urls = ['https://quotes.toscrape.com/page/1']
    15.         for url in urls:
    16.             yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)
    18.     def parse(self, response):
    19.         for quote in response.css('div.quote'):
    20.             yield {'text': quote.css('span.text::text').get()}
    22.     def stop(self):
    23.         self.crawler.engine.close_spider(self, 'timeout')

    which raises Exception, becomes:

    1. import scrapy
    4. class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    5.     name = 'quotes'
    7.     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    8.         self.timeout = int(kwargs.pop('timeout', '60'))
    9.         super(QuotesSpider, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    11.     def start_requests(self):
    12.         from twisted.internet import reactor
    13.         reactor.callLater(self.timeout, self.stop)
    15.         urls = ['https://quotes.toscrape.com/page/1']
    16.         for url in urls:
    17.             yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)
    19.     def parse(self, response):
    20.         for quote in response.css('div.quote'):
    21.             yield {'text': quote.css('span.text::text').get()}
    23.     def stop(self):
    24.         self.crawler.engine.close_spider(self, 'timeout')

    The default value of the setting is None, which means that Scrapy will use the existing reactor if one is already installed, or install the default reactor defined by Twisted for the current platform. This is to maintain backward compatibility and avoid possible problems caused by using a non-default reactor.

    For additional information, see Choosing a Reactor and GUI Toolkit Integration.

    URLLENGTH_LIMIT

    Default: 2083

    Scope: spidermiddlewares.urllength

    The maximum URL length to allow for crawled URLs.

    This setting can act as a stopping condition in case of URLs of ever-increasing length, which may be caused for example by a programming error either in the target server or in your code. See also REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES and .

    Use 0 to allow URLs of any length.

    The default value is copied from the Microsoft Internet Explorer maximum URL length, even though this setting exists for different reasons.

    USER_AGENT

    Default: "Scrapy/VERSION (+https://scrapy.org)"

    The default User-Agent to use when crawling, unless overridden. This user agent is also used by RobotsTxtMiddleware if setting is None and there is no overriding User-Agent header specified for the request.

    The following settings are documented elsewhere, please check each specific case to see how to enable and use them.