pip
有许多子命令:“search”、“install”、“uninstall”、“freeze”等等。(请参阅 指南以了解 pip
的完整文档。)
您可以通过指定包的名称来安装最新版本的包:
- (tutorial-env) $ pip install novas
- Collecting novas
- Downloading novas-3.1.1.3.tar.gz (136kB)
- Installing collected packages: novas
- Running setup.py install for novas
- Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3
如果你重新运行这个命令, 会注意到已经安装了所请求的版本并且什么都不做。您可以提供不同的版本号来获取该版本,或者您可以运行 pip install —upgrade
将软件包升级到最新版本:
- (tutorial-env) $ pip install --upgrade requests
- Collecting requests
- Installing collected packages: requests
- Uninstalling requests-2.6.0:
- Successfully uninstalled requests-2.6.0
- Successfully installed requests-2.7.0
pip uninstall
后跟一个或多个包名称将从虚拟环境中删除包。
pip list
将显示虚拟环境中安装的所有软件包:
- (tutorial-env) $ pip list
- novas (3.1.1.3)
- numpy (1.9.2)
- pip (7.0.3)
- requests (2.7.0)
- setuptools (16.0)
pip freeze` 将生成一个类似的已安装包列表,但输出使用 期望的格式。一个常见的约定是将此列表放在 requirements.txt
文件中:
- Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
- ...
- Collecting numpy==1.9.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
- ...
- Collecting requests==2.7.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
- ...
- Installing collected packages: novas, numpy, requests
- Running setup.py install for novas
- Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3 numpy-1.9.2 requests-2.7.0
pip
有更多选择。有关 的完整文档,请参阅 安装 Python 模块 指南。当您编写一个包并希望在 Python 包索引中使它可用时,请参考 指南。