Controller Runtime Client API

controller-runtime defines several interfaces used for cluster interaction:

• : implementers perform CRUD operations on a Kubernetes cluster.
• manager.Manager: manages shared dependencies, such as Caches and Clients.
• reconcile.Reconciler: compares provided state with actual cluster state and updates the cluster on finding state differences using a Client.

Clients are the focus of this document. A separate document will discuss Managers.

Note: this document uses parts of the sample memcached-operator for example code. Import paths may be different for brevity.

Client Usage

The SDK relies on a manager.Manager to create a client.Client interface that performs Create, Update, Delete, Get, and List operations within a reconcile.Reconciler‘s Reconcile function. The SDK will generate code to create a Manager, which holds a Cache and a Client to be used in CRUD operations and communicate with the API server. By default a Controller’s Reconciler will be populated with the Manager’s Client which is a split-client.

The following code, found in controllers/memcached_controller.go, demonstrates how the Manager’s client is passed to a reconciler.

A split client reads (Get and List) from the Cache and writes (Create, Update, Delete) to the API server. Reading from the Cache significantly reduces request load on the API server; as long as the Cache is updated by the API server, read operations are eventually consistent.

An operator developer may wish to create their own Client that serves read requests(Get List) from the API server instead of the cache, for example. controller-runtime provides a for Clients:

// New returns a new Client using the provided config and Options.
func New(config *rest.Config, options client.Options) (client.Client, error)

client.Options allow the caller to specify how the new Client should communicate with the API server.

// Options are creation options for a Client
type Options struct {
    // Scheme, if provided, will be used to map go structs to GroupVersionKinds
    Scheme *runtime.Scheme
    // Mapper, if provided, will be used to map GroupVersionKinds to Resources
    Mapper meta.RESTMapper
}

Example:

import (
    "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client/config"
    "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
)
cfg, err := config.GetConfig()
...
c, err := client.New(cfg, client.Options{})
...

Creating a new Client is not usually necessary nor advised, as the default Client is sufficient for most use cases.

A Reconciler implements the reconcile.Reconciler interface, which exposes the Reconcile method. Reconcilers are added to a corresponding Controller for a Kind; Reconcile is called in response to cluster or external Events, with a reconcile.Request object argument, to read and write cluster state by the Controller, and returns a ctrl.Result. SDK Reconcilers have access to a Client in order to make Kubernetes API calls.

// MemcachedReconciler reconciles a Memcached object
type MemcachedReconciler struct {
    // client, initialized using mgr.Client() above, is a split client
    // that reads objects from the cache and writes to the apiserver
    client.Client
    Log    logr.Logger
    // scheme defines methods for serializing and deserializing API objects,
    // a type registry for converting group, version, and kind information
    // to and from Go schemas, and mappings between Go schemas of different
    // versions. A scheme is the foundation for a versioned API and versioned
    // configuration over time.
    Scheme *runtime.Scheme
}
// Reconcile watches for Events and reconciles cluster state with desired
// state defined in the method body.
// The Controller will requeue the Request to be processed again if an error
// is non-nil or Result.Requeue is true, otherwise upon completion it will
// remove the work from the queue.
func (r *MemcachedReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error)

Reconcile is where Controller business logic lives, i.e. where Client API calls are made via MemcachedReconciler.client. A client.Client implementer performs the following operations:

Get

// Get retrieves an API object for a given object key from the Kubernetes cluster
// and stores it in obj.
func (c Client) Get(ctx context.Context, key client.ObjectKey, obj client.Object) error

Note: A client.ObjectKey is simply an alias for types.NamespacedName.

Example:

import (
    "context"
    ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
    cachev1alpha1 "github.com/example/memcached-operator/api/v1alpha1"
)
func (r *MemcachedReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
    ...
    memcached := &cachev1alpha1.Memcached{}
    err := r.Get(ctx, request.NamespacedName, memcached)
    ...

List

A client.ListOption is an interface that sets client.ListOptions fields. A client.ListOption is created by using one of the provided implementations: , MatchingFields, .

Example:

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
    ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
    "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
func (r *MemcachedReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
    ...
    // Return all pods in the request namespace with a label of `instance=<name>`
    // and phase `Running`.
    podList := &v1.PodList{}
    opts := []client.ListOption{
        client.InNamespace(request.NamespacedName.Namespace),
        client.MatchingLabels{"instance": request.NamespacedName.Name},
        client.MatchingFields{"status.phase": "Running"},
    }
    err := r.List(ctx, podList, opts...)
    ...
}

Create

// Create saves the object obj in the Kubernetes cluster.
// Returns an error
func (c Client) Create(ctx context.Context, obj client.Object, opts ...client.CreateOption) error

A client.CreateOption is an interface that sets fields. A client.CreateOption is created by using one of the provided implementations: DryRunAll, . Generally these options are not needed.

Example:

import (
    "context"
    "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
    ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
)
func (r *MemcachedReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
    ...
    dep := &v1.Deployment{ // Any cluster object you want to create.
        ...
    }
    err := r.Create(ctx, dep)
    ...
}

Update

// Update updates the given obj in the Kubernetes cluster. obj must be a
// struct pointer so that obj can be updated with the content returned
// by the API server. Update does *not* update the resource's status
// subresource
func (c Client) Update(ctx context.Context, obj client.Object, opts ...client.UpdateOption) error

Example:

import (
    "context"
    "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
    ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
)
func (r *MemcachedReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
    ...
    dep := &v1.Deployment{}
    err := r.Get(ctx, request.NamespacedName, dep)
    ...
    dep.Spec.Selector.MatchLabels["is_running"] = "true"
    err := r.Update(ctx, dep)
    ...
}

Patch

// Patch patches the given obj in the Kubernetes cluster. obj must be a
// struct pointer so that obj can be updated with the content returned by the Server.
func (c Client) Patch(ctx context.Context, obj client.Object, patch client.Patch, opts ...client.PatchOption) error

A client.PatchOption is an interface that sets client.PatchOptions fields. A client.PatchOption is created by using one of the provided implementations: , ForceOwnership. Generally these options are not needed.

Example:

Updating Status Subresource

When updating the status subresource from the client, the must be used. The status subresource is retrieved with Status() and updated with Update() or patched with Patch().

Update() takes variadic client.UpdateOption‘s, and Patch() takes variadic client.PatchOption‘s. See Client.Update() and for more details. Generally these options are not needed.

Status

// Status() returns a StatusWriter object that can be used to update the
// object's status subresource
func (c Client) Status() (client.StatusWriter, error)

Example:

import (
    "context"
    ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
    cachev1alpha1 "github.com/example/memcached-operator/api/v1alpha1"
)
func (r *MemcachedReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
    ...
    mem := &cachev1alpha1.Memcached{}
    err := r.Get(ctx, request.NamespacedName, mem)
    ...
    // Update
    mem.Status.Nodes = []string{"pod1", "pod2"}
    err := r.Status().Update(ctx, mem)
    ...
    // Patch
    patch := client.MergeFrom(mem.DeepCopy())
    mem.Status.Nodes = []string{"pod1", "pod2", "pod3"}
    err := r.Status().Patch(ctx, mem, patch)
    ...
}

Delete

// Delete deletes the given obj from Kubernetes cluster.
func (c Client) Delete(ctx context.Context, obj client.Object, opts ...client.DeleteOption) error

A client.DeleteOption is an interface that sets client.DeleteOptions fields. A client.DeleteOption is created by using one of the provided implementations: , Preconditions, .

Example:

import (
    "context"
    "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
    ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
    "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
)
func (r *MemcachedReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
    ...
    pod := &v1.Pod{}
    err := r.Get(ctx, request.NamespacedName, pod)
    ...
    if pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodUnknown {
        // Delete the pod after 5 seconds.
        err := r.Delete(ctx, pod, client.GracePeriodSeconds(5))
        ...
    }
    ...
}

DeleteAllOf

// DeleteAllOf deletes all objects of the given type matching the given options.
func (c Client) DeleteAllOf(ctx context.Context, obj client.Object, opts ...client.DeleteAllOfOption) error

A client.DeleteAllOfOption is an interface that sets fields. A client.DeleteAllOfOption wraps a client.ListOption and .

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
    ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
    "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
)
func (r *MemcachedReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
    ...
    // Delete all pods in the request namespace with a label of `instance=<name>`
    // and phase `Failed`.
    pod := &v1.Pod{}
    opts := []client.DeleteAllOfOption{
        client.InNamespace(request.NamespacedName.Namespace),
        client.MatchingLabels{"instance", request.NamespacedName.Name},
        client.MatchingFields{"status.phase": "Failed"},
        client.GracePeriodSeconds(5),
    }
    err := r.DeleteAllOf(ctx, pod, opts...)