Database Testing

    Laravel provides a variety of helpful tools to make it easier to test your database driven applications. First, you may use the helper to assert that data exists in the database matching a given set of criteria. For example, if you would like to verify that there is a record in the users table with the email value of , you can do the following:

    You can also use the assertDatabaseMissing helper to assert that data does not exist in the database.

    The assertDatabaseHas method and other helpers like it are for convenience. You are free to use any of PHPUnit's built-in assertion methods to supplement your feature tests.

    Generating Factories

    To create a factory, use the make:factory Artisan command:

    1. php artisan make:factory PostFactory

    The new factory will be placed in your database/factories directory.

    The —model option may be used to indicate the name of the model created by the factory. This option will pre-fill the generated factory file with the given model:

    1. php artisan make:factory PostFactory --model=Post

    It is often useful to reset your database after each test so that data from a previous test does not interfere with subsequent tests. The RefreshDatabase trait takes the most optimal approach to migrating your test database depending on if you are using an in-memory database or a traditional database. Use the trait on your test class and everything will be handled for you:

    1. <?php
    3. namespace Tests\Feature;
    5. use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
    6. use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;
    7. use Tests\TestCase;
    9. class ExampleTest extends TestCase
    10. {
    11.     use RefreshDatabase;
    13.     /**
    14.      * A basic functional test example.
    15.      *
    16.      * @return void
    17.      */
    18.     public function testBasicExample()
    19.     {
    20.         $response = $this->get('/');
    22.     }
    23. }

    Writing Factories

    When testing, you may need to insert a few records into your database before executing your test. Instead of manually specifying the value of each column when you create this test data, Laravel allows you to define a default set of attributes for each of your Eloquent models using model factories. To get started, take a look at the database/factories/UserFactory.php file in your application. Out of the box, this file contains one factory definition:

    1. use Faker\Generator as Faker;
    2. use Illuminate\Support\Str;
    4. $factory->define(App\User::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    5.     return [
    6.         'name' => $faker->name,
    7.         'email' => $faker->unique()->safeEmail,
    8.         'email_verified_at' => now(),
    9.         'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi', // password
    10.         'remember_token' => Str::random(10),
    11.     ];
    12. });

    Within the Closure, which serves as the factory definition, you may return the default test values of all attributes on the model. The Closure will receive an instance of the PHP library, which allows you to conveniently generate various kinds of random data for testing.

    You may also create additional factory files for each model for better organization. For example, you could create UserFactory.php and CommentFactory.php files within your database/factories directory. All of the files within the factories directory will automatically be loaded by Laravel.

    If you have extended a model, you may wish to extend its factory as well in order to utilize the child model's factory attributes during testing and seeding. To accomplish this, you may call the factory builder's raw method to obtain the raw array of attributes from any given factory:

    1. $factory->define(App\Admin::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) {
    2.     return factory(App\User::class)->raw([
    4.     ]);
    5. });

    Factory States

    States allow you to define discrete modifications that can be applied to your model factories in any combination. For example, your User model might have a delinquent state that modifies one of its default attribute values. You may define your state transformations using the state method. For simple states, you may pass an array of attribute modifications:

    1. $factory->state(App\User::class, 'delinquent', [
    2.     'account_status' => 'delinquent',
    3. ]);

    If your state requires calculation or a $faker instance, you may use a Closure to calculate the state's attribute modifications:

    Factory callbacks are registered using the afterMaking and afterCreating methods, and allow you to perform additional tasks after making or creating a model. For example, you may use callbacks to relate additional models to the created model:

    1. $factory->afterMaking(App\User::class, function ($user, $faker) {
    2.     // ...
    3. });
    5. $factory->afterCreating(App\User::class, function ($user, $faker) {
    6.     $user->accounts()->save(factory(App\Account::class)->make());
    7. });

    You may also define callbacks for factory states:

    1. $factory->afterMakingState(App\User::class, 'delinquent', function ($user, $faker) {
    2.     // ...
    3. });
    5. $factory->afterCreatingState(App\User::class, 'delinquent', function ($user, $faker) {
    6.     // ...
    7. });

    Creating Models

    Once you have defined your factories, you may use the global factory function in your feature tests or seed files to generate model instances. So, let's take a look at a few examples of creating models. First, we'll use the make method to create models but not save them to the database:

    1. public function testDatabase()
    2. {
    3.     $user = factory(App\User::class)->make();
    5.     // Use model in tests...
    6. }

    You may also create a Collection of many models or create models of a given type:

    1. // Create three App\User instances...
    2. $users = factory(App\User::class, 3)->make();

    Applying States

    You may also apply any of your to the models. If you would like to apply multiple state transformations to the models, you should specify the name of each state you would like to apply:

    1. $users = factory(App\User::class, 5)->states('delinquent')->make();
    3. $users = factory(App\User::class, 5)->states('premium', 'delinquent')->make();

    Overriding Attributes

    1. $user = factory(App\User::class)->make([
    2.     'name' => 'Abigail',
    3. ]);

    {tip} is automatically disabled when creating models using factories.

    The create method not only creates the model instances but also saves them to the database using Eloquent's save method:

    You may override attributes on the model by passing an array to the create method:

    1. $user = factory(App\User::class)->create([
    2.     'name' => 'Abigail',

    Relationships

    In this example, we'll attach a relation to some created models. When using the create method to create multiple models, an Eloquent is returned, allowing you to use any of the convenient functions provided by the collection, such as each:

    1. $users = factory(App\User::class, 3)
    2.            ->create()
    3.            ->each(function ($user) {
    4.                 $user->posts()->save(factory(App\Post::class)->make());
    5.             });

    You may use the createMany method to create multiple related models:

    1. $user->posts()->createMany(
    3. );

    Relations & Attribute Closures

    You may also attach relationships to models in your factory definitions. For example, if you would like to create a new User instance when creating a Post, you may do the following:

    1. $factory->define(App\Post::class, function ($faker) {
    2.     return [
    3.         'title' => $faker->title,
    4.         'content' => $faker->paragraph,
    5.         'user_id' => factory(App\User::class),
    6.     ];
    7. });

    If the relationship depends on the factory that defines it you may provide a callback which accepts the evaluated attribute array:

    1. $factory->define(App\Post::class, function ($faker) {
    2.     return [
    3.         'title' => $faker->title,
    4.         'content' => $faker->paragraph,
    5.         'user_id' => factory(App\User::class),
    6.         'user_type' => function (array $post) {
    7.             return App\User::find($post['user_id'])->type;
    8.         },
    9.     ];
    10. });

    Using Seeds

    If you would like to use to populate your database during a feature test, you may use the seed method. By default, the seed method will return the DatabaseSeeder, which should execute all of your other seeders. Alternatively, you pass a specific seeder class name to the seed method:

    1. <?php
    3. namespace Tests\Feature;
    5. use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
    6. use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;
    7. use OrderStatusesTableSeeder;
    8. use Tests\TestCase;
    10. class ExampleTest extends TestCase
    11. {
    12.     use RefreshDatabase;
    14.     /**
    15.      * Test creating a new order.
    16.      *
    17.      * @return void
    18.      */
    19.     public function testCreatingANewOrder()
    20.     {
    21.         // Run the DatabaseSeeder...
    22.         $this->seed();
    24.         // Run a single seeder...
    25.         $this->seed(OrderStatusesTableSeeder::class);
    27.         // ...
    28. }

    Laravel provides several database assertions for your feature tests:

    For example, if you are using a model factory in your test, you may pass this model to one of these helpers to test your application properly deleted the record from the database: