Jest CLI 选项
下面是简要概述:
默认运行所有测试
仅运行指定文件名称或文件路径的测试
# 指定测试文件的名称
jest my-test
# 指定测试文件的路径
jest path/to/my-test.js
仅运行在 hg/git 上有改动但尚未提交的文件
jest -o
仅运行与 path/to/fileA.js
和 path/to/fileB.js
相关的测试
jest --findRelatedTests path/to/fileA.js path/to/fileB.js
仅运行匹配特定名称的测试用例(主要是匹配 describe 或 test 的名称)
jest -t name-of-spec
运行监视模式
该模式下可以指定名称或路径来监视特定的测试文件
使用 yarn
如果你通过 yarn test
运行 Jest ,你可以使用命令行参数作为 Jest 的参数。
除了下面这种使用方式
jest -u -t="ColorPicker"
现在你还可以使用
yarn test -u -t="ColorPicker"
如果你使用 npm test
命令来运行 Jest,你还可以在 npm test
和参数之间插入 --
来使用命令行参数。
除了下面这种使用方式
jest -u -t="ColorPicker"
现在你还可以使用
npm test -- -u -t="ColorPicker"
支持驼峰和串式命名的参数
Jest 支持驼峰命名和串式命名 下面给出的命令执行的结果是一样的:
不同命名形式的参数还可以混用,如:
jest --update-snapshot --detectOpenHandles
note
使用命令行传入的参数优先级高于使用 指定的参数
- 使用npm脚本
- 选项
- jest
- --cache
- --changedSince
- --clearCache
- --collectCoverageFrom=
- --config=
- --coverageProvider=
- --detectOpenHandles
- --errorOnDeprecated
- --filter=
- --forceExit
- --ignoreProjects
… - --json
- --listTests
- --maxConcurrency=
- --noStackTrace
- --onlyChanged
- --passWithNoTests
- --reporters
- --restoreMocks
- --runInBand
- --selectProjects
… - --shard
- --silent
- --testLocationInResults
- --testNamePattern=
- --testPathPattern=
- --testSequencer=
- --updateSnapshot
- --verbose
- --watch
- --watchman
- jest
参考
当你在运行 jest
时附加参数,参数会以正则表达式来匹配项目中的文件。 可通过提供的模式来运行测试。 只会选择并运行匹配模式的测试文件。 Depending on your terminal, you may need to quote this argument: . On Windows, you will need to use /
as a path separator or escape `as
`. On Windows, you will need to use /
as a path separator or escape \
as \\
.
--bail[=<n>]
Alias: -b
. Alias: -b
. Exit the test suite immediately upon n
number of failing test suite. Defaults to 1
. Defaults to 1
.
--cache
是否使用缓存。 默认值为 true。 使用 --no-cache
来禁止缓存。
caution
只有遇到了缓存相关的问题,你才应该禁用缓存设置。 一般来说,禁用缓存会令 Jest 运行至少慢两倍。
If you want to inspect the cache, use --showConfig
and look at the cacheDirectory
value. If you need to clear the cache, use --clearCache
. If you need to clear the cache, use --clearCache
.
--changedFilesWithAncestor
Runs tests related to the current changes and the changes made in the last commit. Behaves similarly to --onlyChanged
. 与 --onlyChanged
的行为相似。
--changedSince
Runs tests related to the changes since the provided branch or commit hash. Runs tests related to the changes since the provided branch or commit hash. If the current branch has diverged from the given branch, then only changes made locally will be tested. 与 --onlyChanged
的行为相似。 与 --onlyChanged
的行为相似。
--ci
指定该参数时,Jest会认为正在CI环境上运行。 当遇到新的快照时,这会改变原来的行为。 不再是自动的保存新的快照,取而代之的是,它会将测试标记失败,并要求运行Jest时增加--updateSnapshot
参数。
--clearCache
删除 Jest 的缓存目录, 然后不运行测试直接退出。 Will delete cacheDirectory
if the option is passed, or Jest’s default cache directory. The default cache directory can be found by calling jest --showConfig
. * 注意:清除缓存将降低性能。 The default cache directory can be found by calling jest --showConfig
.
caution
清除缓存将影响性能
--clearMocks
在每次测试前自动清除模拟的上下文,如调用、实例和结果 在每次测试之前调用 jest.clearAllMocks() 这不会删除可能已提供的任何模拟实现。
--collectCoverageFrom=<glob>
A glob pattern relative to rootDir
matching the files that coverage info needs to be collected from.
--colors
即便stdout不是TTY模式, 也要强制高亮显示测试结果。
--config=<path>
或: -c
. The path to a Jest config file specifying how to find and execute tests. If no rootDir
is set in the config, the directory containing the config file is assumed to be the rootDir
for the project. 这也可以是 JSON 编码的值,Jest可以将其设为基本配置。
--coverage[=<boolean>]
--coverageProvider=<provider>
Indicates which provider should be used to instrument code for coverage. Allowed values are babel
(default) or v8
.
Note that using v8
is considered experimental. This uses V8’s builtin code coverage rather than one based on Babel. It is not as well tested, and it has also improved in the last few releases of Node. Using the latest versions of node (v14 at the time of this writing) will yield better results.
--debug
打印关于 Jest 配置的调试信息。
--detectOpenHandles
Attempt to collect and print open handles preventing Jest from exiting cleanly. Use this in cases where you need to use --forceExit
in order for Jest to exit to potentially track down the reason. This implies --runInBand
, making tests run serially. Implemented using async_hooks. This option has a significant performance penalty and should only be used for debugging.
--env=<environment>
所有测试都使用该测试环境设定。 可以指向任何文件或者node模块。 例如jsdom
, node
or path/to/my-environment.js
--errorOnDeprecated
Make calling deprecated APIs throw helpful error messages. Useful for easing the upgrade process.
--expand
别名︰ -e
。 使用该参数来对比完整的差异和错误,而非修复。
--filter=<file>
Path to a module exporting a filtering function. 下面这个异步函数接收包含所有测试文件路径的数组,经过过滤后返回一个对象,对象属性 filtered 上带有包含需要进行测试的文件路径的数组。 在某些场景下会使用到,如结合测试基建过滤已知测试必定失败的文件。
my-filter.js
module.exports = testPaths => {
const allowedPaths = testPaths.filter(filteringFunction); // ["path1.spec.js", "path2.spec.js", etc]
return {
filtered: allowedPaths,
};
};
--findRelatedTests <spaceSeparatedListOfSourceFiles>
Find and run the tests that cover a space separated list of source files that were passed in as arguments. Useful for pre-commit hook integration to run the minimal amount of tests necessary. Find and run the tests that cover a space separated list of source files that were passed in as arguments. Useful for pre-commit hook integration to run the minimal amount of tests necessary. Can be used together with --coverage
to include a test coverage for the source files, no duplicate --collectCoverageFrom
arguments needed.
--forceExit
强制Jest在所有测试运行完后退出。 对于一些由测试所生成但无法充分清理的资源来说,这是很有用的。
caution
注意︰ 此功能是临时救急方法。 如果Jest在测试运行最后没有退出,那就意味着外部资源还是被占用,又或是计时器还尚在你的代码中待令。 为了确保Jest可以完全关闭,建议你在每个测试后都关闭用到的外部资源。 你可以使用 --detectOpenHandles
来帮助追踪问题。
显示帮助信息,类似于本页文档。
--ignoreProjects <project1> ... <projectN>
忽略特定的测试项目。 Run only the tests of the specified projects. Jest uses the attribute displayName
in the configuration to identify each project. If you use this option, you should provide a displayName
to all your projects. If you use this option, you should provide a displayName
to all your projects.
--init
生成一个基础配置文件. Generate a basic configuration file. Based on your project, Jest will ask you a few questions that will help to generate a jest.config.js
file with a short description for each option.
--injectGlobals
Insert Jest’s globals (expect
, test
, describe
, beforeEach
etc.) into the global environment. If you set this to false
, you should import from @jest/globals
, e.g.
import {expect, jest, test} from '@jest/globals';
jest.useFakeTimers();
expect(Date.now()).toBe(0);
});
note
这个选项仅在使用jest-circus
进行测试时生效
--json
以JSON模式显示测试结果。 该模式会包其他所有测试和用户信息都发送到stderr。
--lastCommit
Run all tests affected by file changes in the last commit made. Behaves similarly to --onlyChanged
. 与 --onlyChanged
的行为相似。
--listTests
以JSON数组的形式列出所有将要运行的测试并退出
--logHeapUsage
记录每个测试后的记录堆使用情况。 主要用来调试内存泄漏。 与 --runInBand
和 --expose-gc
一起使用.
--maxConcurrency=<num>
Prevents Jest from executing more than the specified amount of tests at the same time. Prevents Jest from executing more than the specified amount of tests at the same time. Only affects tests that use test.concurrent
.
--maxWorkers=<num>|<string>
别名︰ -w
。 设定运行测试的最大工作池数目。 In single run mode, this defaults to the number of the cores available on your machine minus one for the main thread. In single run mode, this defaults to the number of the cores available on your machine minus one for the main thread. In watch mode, this defaults to half of the available cores on your machine to ensure Jest is unobtrusive and does not grind your machine to a halt. It may be useful to adjust this in resource limited environments like CIs but the defaults should be adequate for most use-cases. It may be useful to adjust this in resource limited environments like CIs but the defaults should be adequate for most use-cases.
For environments with variable CPUs available, you can use percentage based configuration: --maxWorkers=50%
--noStackTrace
禁止栈跟踪信息在测试结果输出中。
--notify
Activates notifications for test results. 特别是当你不想专心致志等待 JavaScript 测试结果时。
--onlyChanged
或: -o
. 尝试确定根据当前存储库中哪些已经更改的文件来运行的测试。 只有在此刻 git/hg 存储库中运行测试,需要静态依赖关系图时有用(例如. 无动态要求)。
--outputFile=<filename>
通过 — — json
参数可以将测试结果写入到指定文件。 The returned JSON structure is documented in .
--passWithNoTests
允许在没有找到文件的情况下通过测试。
--projects <path1> ... <pathN>
Run tests from one or more projects, found in the specified paths; also takes path globs. This option is the CLI equivalent of the projects configuration option. Note that if configuration files are found in the specified paths, all projects specified within those configuration files will be run. This option is the CLI equivalent of the configuration option. Note that if configuration files are found in the specified paths, all projects specified within those configuration files will be run.
--reporters
Run tests with specified reporters. Run tests with specified reporters. are not available via CLI. Example with multiple reporters: Example with multiple reporters:
jest --reporters="default" --reporters="jest-junit"
--resetMocks
--restoreMocks
Automatically restore mock state and implementation before every test. Equivalent to calling jest.restoreAllMocks() before each test. This will lead to any mocks having their fake implementations removed and restores their initial implementation.
--roots
A list of paths to directories that Jest should use to search for files in.
--runInBand
Alias: -i
. 或: -i
. 仅在当前的进程中连续运行所有测试,而非通过创建的子进程的工作池来运行测试。 This can be useful for debugging.
Run only the tests that were specified with their exact paths.
tip
默认正则表达式匹配在测试用例比较少时正常工作,但如果提供多个模式或大量测试,测试则变得较慢。 此选项代替正则表达式匹配逻辑,优化筛选特定测试文件所用的时间。
--selectProjects <project1> ... <projectN>
运行指定的测试项目。 Run only the tests of the specified projects. Jest uses the attribute displayName
in the configuration to identify each project. If you use this option, you should provide a displayName
to all your projects. If you use this option, you should provide a displayName
to all your projects.
--setupFilesAfterEnv <path1> ... <pathN>
A list of paths to modules that run some code to configure or to set up the testing framework before each test. Beware that files imported by the setup scripts will not be mocked during testing.
--shard
测试套件分片以 (?<shardIndex>\d+)/(?<shardCount>\d+)
的格式执行。
shardIndex
描述了当前选中的分片序号,而 shardCount
描述了套件的分片总数量
shardIndex
和 shardCount
是从1开始的正整数,且 shardIndex
≤ shardCount
指定 shard
时需要配置 实现一个分片方法。
比如,将测试分为3份:
jest --shard=1/3
jest --shard=3/3
--showConfig
输出Jest配置,然后退出。
--silent
阻止所有测试通过控制台输出信息。
--testEnvironmentOptions=<json string>
A JSON string with options that will be passed to the testEnvironment
. The relevant options depend on the environment.
--testLocationInResults
Adds a location
field to test results. Useful if you want to report the location of a test in a reporter. Useful if you want to report the location of a test in a reporter.
请注意 column
是从 0 开始,而 line
不是。
--testMatch glob1 ... globN
The glob patterns Jest uses to detect test files. Please refer to the for details.
--testNamePattern=<regex>
Alias: -t. Run only tests with a name that matches the regex. For example, suppose you want to run only tests related to authorization which will have names like “GET /api/posts with auth”, then you can use jest -t=auth.
tip
提示:正则表达式与全名匹配,全名是测试名称及其所有周围describe块的组合。
--testPathIgnorePatterns=<regex>|[array]
A single or array of regexp pattern strings that are tested against all tests paths before executing the test. An array of regexp pattern strings that are tested against all tests paths before executing the test. Contrary to --testPathPattern
, it will only run those tests with a path that does not match with the provided regexp expressions.
To pass as an array use escaped parentheses and space delimited regexps such as \(/node_modules/ /tests/e2e/\)
. Alternatively, you can omit parentheses by combining regexps into a single regexp like /node_modules/|/tests/e2e/
. These two examples are equivalent.
--testPathPattern=<regex>
在运行测试前,匹配的regexp模式字符串的测试文件路径。 On Windows, you will need to use /
as a path separator or escape \
as \\
.
--testRunner=<path>
允许你指定自定义测试运行程序。
--testSequencer=<path>
Lets you specify a custom test sequencer. 详情请查看 。
--testTimeout=<number>
Default timeout of a test in milliseconds. Default value: 5000.
--updateSnapshot
或: -u
. 在运行测试中使用这个参数来重新录制每个失败测试的快照。 还可以和测试套件模式或 --testNamePattern
一起使用,从而重新录制的快照。
--useStderr
转移所有输出到stderr(标准错误输出).
--verbose
层次显示测试套件中每个测试的结果。
--version
Alias: -v
. Print the version and exit.
--watch
监视文件更改,并重新运行与已更改的文件相关的测试。 当文件发生更改时,如果你想要重新运行所有测试,可以使用 --watchAll
选项。
--watchAll
监视文件的更改并在任何更改时重新运行所有测试。 若果你是想要重新运行仅基于已更改文件的测试,那么请使用 --watch
选项。
Whether to use watchman for file crawling. Defaults to true
. Disable using .