Workers can be used to run code on multiple threads. Each instance of Worker is run on a separate thread, dedicated only to that worker.

Currently Deno supports only module type workers; thus it’s essential to pass the type: "module" option when creating a new worker.

Use of relative module specifiers in the main worker are only supported with --location <href> passed on the CLI. This is not recommended for portability. You can instead use the URL constructor and import.meta.url to easily create a specifier for some nearby script. Dedicated workers, however, have a location and this capability by default.

Creating a new Worker instance is similar to a dynamic import; therefore Deno requires appropriate permission for this action.

For workers using local modules; --allow-read permission is required:

main.ts

new Worker(new URL("./worker.ts", import.meta.url).href, { type: "module" });

worker.ts

console.log("hello world");
self.close();

$ deno run main.ts
error: Uncaught PermissionDenied: read access to "./worker.ts", run again with the --allow-read flag
$ deno run --allow-read main.ts
hello world

main.ts

new Worker("https://example.com/worker.ts", { type: "module" });

worker.ts (at https://example.com/worker.ts)

console.log("hello world");
self.close();

By default the Deno namespace is not available in worker scope.

To enable the Deno namespace pass deno.namespace = true option when creating new worker:

main.js

const worker = new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url).href, {
  type: "module",
  deno: {
    namespace: true,
  },
});
worker.postMessage({ filename: "./log.txt" });

worker.js

self.onmessage = async (e) => {
  const { filename } = e.data;
  const text = await Deno.readTextFile(filename);
  console.log(text);
  self.close();

hello world

$ deno run --allow-read --unstable main.js
hello world

This is an unstable Deno feature. Learn more about unstable features.

The permissions available for the worker are analogous to the CLI permission flags, meaning every permission enabled there can be disabled at the level of the Worker API. You can find a more detailed description of each of the permission options .

By default a worker will inherit permissions from the thread it was created in, however in order to allow users to limit the access of this worker we provide the deno.permissions option in the worker API.

• For permissions that support granular access you can pass in a list of the desired resources the worker will have access to, and for those who only have the on/off option you can pass true/false respectively.

    type: "module",
    deno: {
      namespace: true,
      permissions: {
        net: [
          "https://deno.land/",
        ],
        read: [
          new URL("./file_1.txt", import.meta.url),
          new URL("./file_2.txt", import.meta.url),
        ],
        write: false,
      },
    },
  });

• Granular access permissions receive both absolute and relative routes as arguments, however take into account that relative routes will be resolved relative to the file the worker is instantiated in, not the path the worker file is currently in

• Both deno.permissions and its children support the option "inherit", which implies it will borrow its parent permissions.

  // This worker will inherit its parent permissions
  const worker = new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url).href, {
    type: "module",
    deno: {
      namespace: true,
      permissions: "inherit",
    },
  });

  // This worker will inherit only the net permissions of its parent
  const worker = new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url).href, {
    type: "module",
    deno: {
      namespace: true,
        hrtime: false,
        net: "inherit",
        ffi: false,
        read: false,
        run: false,
        write: false,
      },
    },
  });

• Not specifying the deno.permissions option or one of its children will cause the worker to inherit by default.

  // This worker will inherit its parent permissions
  const worker = new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url).href, {
    type: "module",
  });

  // This worker will inherit all the permissions of its parent BUT net
  const worker = new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url).href, {
    type: "module",
    deno: {
      namespace: true,
      permissions: {
        net: false,
      },
    },
  });

• // This worker will not have any permissions enabled
  const worker = new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url).href, {
    type: "module",
    deno: {
      namespace: true,
      permissions: "none",
  });