第 21 章 结论

This book is about one thing: complexity. Dealing with complexity is the most important challenge in software design. It is what makes systems hard to build and maintain, and it often makes them slow as well. Over the course of the book I have tried to describe the root causes that lead to complexity, such as dependencies and obscurity. I have discussed red flags that can help you identify unnecessary complexity, such as information leakage, unneeded error conditions, or names that are too generic. I have presented some general ideas you can use to create simpler software systems, such as striving for classes that are deep and generic, defining errors out of existence, and separating interface documentation from implementation documentation. And, finally, I have discussed the investment mindset needed to produce simple designs.

这本书是关于一件事的：复杂性。处理复杂性是软件设计中最重要的挑战。这是使系统难以构建和维护的原因，并且通常也使它们变慢。在本书的整个过程中，我试图描述导致复杂性的根本原因，例如依赖性和模糊性。我已经讨论了可以帮助您识别不必要的复杂性的危险标记，例如信息泄漏，不必要的错误情况或名称过于笼统。我已经提出了一些通用的思想，可以用来创建更简单的软件系统，例如，努力研究更深和更通用的类，定义不存在的错误以及将接口文档与实现文档分离。最后，我讨论了产生简单设计所需的投资思路。

On the other hand, if good design is an important goal for you, then the ideas in this book should make programming more fun. Design is a fascinating puzzle: how can a particular problem be solved with the simplest possible structure? It’s fun to explore different approaches, and it’s a great feeling to discover a solution that is both simple and powerful. A clean, simple, and obvious design is a beautiful thing.

Furthermore, the investments you make in good design will pay off quickly. The modules you defined carefully at the beginning of a project will save you time later as you reuse them over and over. The clear documentation that you wrote six months ago will save you time when you return to the code to add a new feature. The time you spent honing your design skills will also pay for itself: as your skills and experience grow, you will find that you can produce good designs more and more quickly. Good design doesn’t really take much longer than quick-and-dirty design, once you know how.

成为优秀设计师的好处是，您可以在设计阶段花费大部分时间，这很有趣。可怜的设计师花费大量时间在复杂而脆弱的代码中寻找错误。如果提高设计技能，不仅可以更快地生产出更高质量的软件，而且软件开发过程也将变得更加愉快。